Analysis of “The Singer Solution To World Poverty” Essay

In the essay â€Å"The Singer Solution to World Poverty,† philosopher Peter Singer addresses the issue of poverty by suggesting Americans give away most of their income to aid those in need. Singer believes that withholding income is the equivalence of letting a child starve to death. Therefore, Singer suggests the ethical thing to do to end world hunger is to give up everyday luxuries. Although donating a vast amount of money could help dying and starving children, Singer’s proposition is not only unrealistic but also too demanding for everyday Americans who have responsibilities of their own. Singer begins his essay with Dora, a schoolteacher, who sells an orphan awaiting to have his organs sold in a black market for a new television set. Eventually, Dora regrets her immoral decision and rescues the boy from his fate. Singer compares this act to Americans, who spend their income on food, clothes and vacations by suggesting that the money spent could have made a â€Å"difference between life and death for children in need† (327). Singer goes on to compare how the situations are similar, pointing out that the only difference is ignoring an issue that isn’t in your presence and one that is. Singer continues by calling himself a â€Å"utilitarian philosopher† and defines his character by stating that he judges acts by their consequences (327). Singer then introduces Bob and his expensive Buggati. Bob chooses to save his car from a train even though he could have saved a child’s life by destroying his prized possession, and compares this story to Am ericans and their lack of donations. Singer concludes with comparing income and how much a person should give away based on that number. He suggests all Americans have the choice to give up all luxuries because these sacrifices could better a child’s life. Singer targets all Americans in his essay, implying everyone needs to help. He begins with saying that two hundred dollars is enough to make a difference for a child, to declaring the only solution is to give up all luxuries. Singer uses Bob and Dora, two individuals who chose money and objects over children, and compares them to his audience. He even goes as far as to compare the lack of help Americans give starving children in  Africa to Nazi Germany and those who did nothing to stop the Third Reich. He bases his logic on what the moral thing to do is. Singer attempts to guilt trip his readers by giving examples of life and death situations, in which lay in the hands of immoral people. Although Singer does mean well and wants to make a difference for those whose lives are at risk, his solution to is too demanding for everyday people and his authoritative deliverance in not very persuasive. Furthermore, Singer not only expects too much, but doesn’t realize luxuries and necessities mean different things to different people. Singer overwhelms the reader by stating one number to expecting a lot more. Singer fails to mention how much people struggle in America alone. Sure, it would be great to end world hunger, but what about giving to those in need in the US? According to Unicef, the United States has the second highest population of child poverty in the list of developed countries, (Unicef). Although it would be wonderful to be able to help all in need, sometimes it isn’t possible when Americans are struggling themselves to pay bills and raise their own. In conclusion, although Singer does have a good meaning behind his essay, he fails to persuade his audience by being too demanding. Although poverty is in fact an issue, he uses mostly exaggerated examples and guilt trips his readers by comparing them to Nazis and leads them to feel bad about themselves. Not everyone is able to help due to their own financial responsibilities, and it’s unrealistic people will give up most of their income for strangers in other countries. Despite his tone, I do believe the only way to overcome world issues it to work together, but unfortunately I don’t think Singer’s solution is a realistic solution to world poverty.

Marketing Report Bokomo Foods Essay

1.0. A report presenting market data in order to inform a cereal company Bokomo Ltd. To consider whether to expand more in the United Kingdom market. 2.0 Executive summary. This is a short report, containing marketing data on both the cereal market and a specific business, Bokomo UK. The data was obtained from secondary marketing research. Bokomo ´s website was one of the main reference guide. With the findings and analysis, it was recommended that Bokomo should expand their own brand products more in the UK. The PEST analysis of the UK grocery industry included in this report was used to highlight the external factors that can affect Bokomo’s operation and interpret how these factors will influence Bokomo. Furthermore, through the market analysis it was found that Kellogg’s and Weetabix mainly lead the cereal industry, followed by Nestle and Jordans. These companies have a wide range of brands targeted at different consumers, and they have customer loyalty, which can make it harder for newer companies to enter this sector. As mentioned before, in the cereal market there are a large variety of targeted consumers like children, women, and families. The main key trends in the market are convenient snacks and consciousness towards health. Apart from that, own branded labels are also gaining popularity as they offer consumers the same product at a cheaper price. SWOT analysis allowed us to devise the company’s internal analysis. Strengths included their well-known reputation and customers such as large food retailers (Tesco ´s), to which they sell manufacture and packaging services. Weaknesses consist of the negative aspects the company faces, including their not household name, and general negative publicity they face in this complex sector. Opportunities were devised from the social factors from the PEST analysis as changes in consumer tastes and trends are opportunities were this company can benefit from by meeting those needs. These were also  an important part of the report as it affected the final recommendations for the company. Threats included the financial recession and increasing levels of immigration. Bokomo Foods is a major cereal producer in the United Kingdom, established around 80 years ago. Despite not being a household name, is a UK leading cereal maker and the company has achieved diversity by producing a range of own-label products. Furthermore, they manufacture branded products for large companies, as well as branded packaging services like Bag in Box, Pot or Pouch. All of these services are for leading retailers such as Tesco ´s, Sainsbury ´s and Morrison’s, among many others. 3.0 Introduction + Aim. This is a report whose aim is to present market data in order to inform Bokomo plc. a cereal company, whether further expansion in the UK market is beneficial at this time. The report will identify and analyse the current business situation, using SWOT analysis, and review the macroeconomic perspective of the general UK grocery industry using PEST analysis. The SWOT analysis will help us examine the specific company factors, as it is essential to understand these in order to relate them back to the PEST and market trends. Both internal and external factors affect how Bokomo will operate now and in the future. 4.0 The grocery market environment – PEST analysis 4.1 Political Political factors have a great influence on the analysis of external factors since they are determined by the degree of government intervention in the economy. The political situation in the UK is stable. Her Majesty’s Government, led by Prime Minister David Cameron of the Conservative Party, is mainly concerned about the financial crisis affecting economies all over the world and to strengthen the economic position of UK globally. Through employment legislations, the government encourages retailers to provide a mix of job opportunities from flexible, lower-paid and locally-based jobs to highly-skilled, higher-paid and centrally-located jobs (Balchin, 1994). Migration has a large impact on the grocery industry, as it provides new customers, as well as opportunities for supermarkets to cater to the different culinary cultures of immigrants. Migration also leads to a change in size of labour pool, which could have an effect on the availability of workers. Latest figures from the Office for National Statistics show some 503,000 people came to live in the UK in the year ending June 2013, compared with 517,000 people the previous year (ONS.gov, 2013). 4.2 Economic Economic factors are important to consider in regard to the UK grocery market, as they are highly influential to demand, costs, prices, and profit. One of the most influential factors on the economy is high unemployment level, which decreases the effective demand for many goods, adversely affecting the demand required to produce such goods. Unemployment in the UK is at 7.1% as of January 2014, according to BBC. Another highly relevant economic factor is the grocery market size and the market growth. IGD forecast that the UK grocery market value will be worth  £205.9bn in 2018, a 21.3% increase on 2013 (IGD.com, 2013). This is beneficial news to Bokomo, since any expansion would be possible in regard to the availability of area in the market to expand. Another market characteristic of importance is the amount of spending on groceries in regard to overall retail expenditure in the UK. The grocery market’s share accounts for 54.9p in every  £1 of UK retail spending (IGD.com, 2013). 4.3 Social According to Askew (2013) sales in the cereal industry have been under pressure in these past years, especially due to the changing social trends and habits of consumers. Even though sales in this market have been stable, growth has been slow. Traditional breakfast habits have changed and people consume fewer cereals because of a busier lifestyle. Also increasing number of consumers skip breakfast. An increase in female workers has also had an impact on this, which is why competition for convenient options is growing  more each time. An increasing number of people now look for easy and quick alternatives to sitting down and eating. However, they expect to receive the same nutrients and healthy benefits with these convenient options. A growing number of women now pay special attention to what they are eating, checking the labeling, nutritional information and ingredients of each product. Increasingly, women have a greater concern with their weight and healthy eating. Lately, the demand for children’s cereals has declined because of the sugar content it has. Cereal companies use marketing to their advantage and attract kids with unhealthy products. Their main source has been television adverts and most of the cereals for children have high sugar content with low nutritional value, a fact of which more parents are aware. Apart from consumer concerns about health, they are also becoming more aware of the environment. In this specific market, many cereal companies now control their water use, energy use, waste produced, etc. Most of them also pay close attention to the packaging of the product, like using recycled packaging. Another social factor that affects the grocery market in general is the diverse culture in UK. There are so many people with different cultures that do not choose cereals as their first choice for breakfast; instead they have their own eating habits. Therefore, it is important for the producers in the grocery market to understand the needs of the entire population and meet them. Furthermore, supermarket own-brand products have gained a lot of popularity because of the economic downturn. As consumers have limited spending power, they prefer spending on a cheaper product that allows them to get the same benefits. 4.4 Technological In the present technological age, everyone, from personal to professional  interaction, is highly reliant on technology. Therefore, technological advances are important for the development and maintenance of business culture. Advances in technology have allowed the grocery industry to grow. An excellent example is the demise of Blockbuster, who was reluctant to explore online options, and their consequent refusal to buy Netflix and to adapt to changing trends lead to their bankruptcy and final closure on January 14, 2014. Online grocery shopping holds 11% of the distribution channels of the UK grocery market and predictions suggest online sales in the US will grow by 15% in 2014 to  £189.3 billion, while in Europe, sales are expected to rise by 18% to  £131.2 billion. Online shopping has helped people spend their day more efficiently and reduced the effort of having to carry heavy grocery bags. Technological advances at the supermarket has contributed to more efficient customer service and stocking efforts. The adoption of Electronic Point of Sale (EPoS), Electronic Funds Transfer Systems (EFTPoS) and electronic scanners have greatly improved the efficiency of distribution and stocking activities, with needs being communicated almost in real time to the supplier (Finch, 2004). Devices such as the self-checkout machine and Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) have permitted the grocery industry to grow and accommodate customers in an effective way. 5.0 Description of product specific market 5.1 Main competitors The leading cereal brands and the biggest competitors of Bokomo cereals in the UK are Kellogg’s and Weetabix, reported Companies&Markets (2013). Kellogg’s arrived in the UK in 1922 and since then has maintained its position in the market, by focusing on innovation and expansion of their products. In 2012, it had 32% of value share, leading in the UK cereal market offering a wide range of products. Over the years, Kellogg’s has expanded to over 180 countries in the world and has around 39 brands of cereals. Weetabix, on the other hand, was launched in 1932; it has been a  long-standing brand and has fought its competitors to stay in this position in the UK. Weetabix has also introduced many different brands and has been innovating to adapt to consumer preferences over the years. Also Jordans, a breakfast cereal company based in Bedfordshire, founded in 1855. Although, the company produced its first cereal in 1981 called Original Crunchy, it was in the years between 2000 and 2005 when it faced rapid growth and became one of the largest cereal brands in the UK. Its great focus over the years has been on the packaging, to make it stand out in grocery stores and it is also known to be included in the â€Å"healthy, natural cereal segment† Moreover, Nestle formed in 1990. It was launched as a joint venture between General Mills and Nestle S.A. and named Cereal Partners Worldwide (CPW). They offer the traditional cereals, as well as a range of brands including the world-known Cheerios. 5.2 Targeted consumers Cereal companies target many different kinds of people, although the easiest group of people to target has been children. BMSG (2013) stated they do it through advertisements on television, and somehow try to grab their attention by creating colourful, animated images and providing gifts in the cereal box each time. Another group targeted in this sector are the women because of their increasing concern for health and weight loss. Along with the children, women also form a big part of the consumers of this market. Nowadays, there are so many brands that have launched low-fat cereals and cereal bars also. Some also provide some advice, tips and dietary plans, Nytimes article (2010). Generally, families in the UK are also targeted consumers because some families still sit and have their meals together and believe that breakfast is the most important meal of the day. Apart from that, families are more concerned with what they are eating, especially making sure that the smaller ones eat healthy (Marketingmagazine(2010) Unlike maybe some students at university who would not pay so much attention to their breakfast, particularly not on a daily basis. 5.3 Key trends in the cereal market Marketingmagazine (2008) stated A rising key trend in the cereal industry is the quick and convenient ‘good to go’ snacks, like cereal bars. Cereal bars have gained a lot of popularity among a wide range of audience in recent years because people not having time for breakfast. Due to this reason, there has been a significant decline in the sales of the cereal market. Companies have been mostly focusing on this convenient aspect of the market so that people don’t just skip breakfast entirely and their business doesn’t face a loss. As health also plays a crucial role in this market and recently people are more conscious about what they are putting in their body, convenient snacks are the best option as they cover both points. Nowadays, ‘good to go’ snacks are not just used for breakfast but also during the entire day as an alternative to other unhealthy snacks. As a result of the sudden popularity of these snacks, now there are a great variety of them in different formats. On the other hand, the popularity of own branded labels is growing in the grocery market. It saves consumers a significant amount of money and they offer a similar or better quality product. It has resulted in a much higher level of competition in the market. 5.4 SWOT Analysis Bokomo website (2014) 5.4.1 Strengths Bokomo is UK’s leading cereal maker; this is a major strength as they have established a firm position in the British cereal market. They operate in various markets inside the cereal industry, providing food manufacture, retailing and catering. Bokomo can provide tasty, fresh cereal products any business is looking for, at a very competitive and cost-effective price†. British company (although owned by South Africa’s Pioneer Foods) with substantial manufacturing plants in Wellingborough and Peterborough. This means Bokomo has the resources and specialist expertise to offer unique flexible manufacturing and packaging services. Companies needing a brand-new  breakfast cereal raced through New Product Development (NPD) or an innovative production line set up in record time can contact Bokomo. This makes them have an advantage as nowadays there are many organisations looking for branded cereal products. Bokomo is a world-class player, and in order to maintain that s tatus they need world-class facilities. They have two factories in the UK, specifically in Wellingborough and Peterborough. These factories offer them a cutting-edge manufacturing plant, in other words, the latest, high quality, reliable and sustainable facilities. This leads to the production of high quality products. Food standards are also controlled and supported by SAP business information software, which makes customers feel more confident and secure with the products and services Bokomo delivers. Bokomo ´s experts in the management team and the company ´s aim of constantly innovating and removing old production facilities has helped them produce large quantities of high quality products very efficiently and to the shortest imaginable lead-times. Their customers know Bokomo as a business that main objectives is to offer high quality products. This has been maintained by using high quality ingredients and top experts in recipe formulation. They are one of only 2 manufactures that produce wheat biscuits in the Northern hemisphere enabled them to have the largest control and knowledge of this production process. Even if Bokomo UK is based in the United Kingdom, they have also diversified. Geographic market diversification has enabled them to sell in many countries around Europe, Scandinavia and even as far as the United States of America or the United Arab Emirates 5.4.2 Weaknesses Bokomo stated â€Å"you’ve possibly never heard of us† – this means that individual customers do not know them as their own – branded products is very niche, and they are more specialized in producing in a business to business way. This is a very common weakness for companies that operate Behind the Brand. Constant changing of consumer’s tastes (opting for cereal bars, instant porridge or other breakfast solutions) can be considered a weakness, as its difficult and expensive to innovate and keep up to meet their needs. Difficulties to compete with well known brands cereals  products such as Corn Flakes, Crunchy Nut, Special K. Have to create a delicious product that attracts customers quickly and expensive to implement the R&D and marketing. On the other hand it can also be considered and opportunity. Negative publicity to which ready-to-eat cereals have been subjected due to their high sugar content 5.4.3 Opportunities Social trends are important opportunities for Bokomo. Customers aiming towards healthy living or any other lifestyle changes means there is an opportunity towards which research and operate in. They have achieved and been keeping up to date with this as they have many products related to this trend. Great health benefits, such as products enabling the final consumer to control cholesterol levels. Multi-grain flake is another trend and potential opportunity for Bokomo. Consumers are changing their tastes towards healthier goods, and leaving behind old-fashioned sugary confections. Consumers are also increasingly purchasing Branflakes as they are considered to be great for supporting a healthy digestive system. Another trend â€Å"busier schedules†, people are increasingly feeling they have no time to spend on having breakfast and snacks. Bokomo muesli is available to cater for the increasing demand for â€Å"breakfast on the go†. They offer them in bags and boxes, which facilitates the final customer to transport to their work place. This is an example of an opportunity for Bokomo because if they keep-up to date with trends, they will become more efficient and desirable for large retailers to purchase their products, and everyone will benefit form the sales. UK retailers are also focusing on added-value products: Add value by introducing natural minerals and vitamins into whole grain wheat and making the final product more healthy and nutritional. Own-label share of the business mix for large supermarket retailers. It is a main direction for Bokomo to go towards to as they can increase considerably their business operations, as the focus is now towards manufacturing own-label and branded products. Bokomo has realized the immense potential for expansion as the large retailers keep increasing the sale of this type of good. ‘One-stop’ shopping, or shopping in large supermarkets were customers can find any type of product in the same building has been  beneficial for Bokomo as these businesses are their main clients. If they increase their sales, Bokomo will also benefit from this, as they will sell them more and so increase revenue will mean increase levels of profitability. 5.4.4 Threats The cereal industry offers products which are considered to be relatively expensive, which can be easily replaced with simpler breakfast choices such as bread. The financial recession has been a main factor for the decrease in expenditure, specially concerning families, as there are other much cheaper products to replace the cereals and cereal bars. High unemployment has made a substantial impact on the demand for such goods, adversely affecting the demand required to product those goods. Increasing levels of immigration specially in the UK, has meant that they do not have the same culinary cultures and so those breakfast products will not satisfy the needs and wants of everyone. 5.0 Recommendations With the above analysis it is better for the company to target smaller retailers where their own labeled products won’t be affected by competitive brands like Kellogg’s, and when they achieve this they should concentrate more on developing their own branded products around the UK. As mentioned above in the SWOT analysis, cereal products are considered to be expensive due to the added value implemented on them so it would be better to decrease these levels of adding value and start off with lower prices, in recession periods. 6.0 Limitations Bokomo website allowed us to obtain up-to-date and official information and statistics of the company. The information was limited because the company sold themselves and emphasized on its positive aspects because they have to promote their brand to the consumers. A part from this we also used other sources including, online articles about food industry, which helped us, get an un-biased view of the company and the cereal market as a whole. The  drawback of using other sources or secondary research was that the methods used were unknown so we examined the most official and valid sources. 7.0 References Askew, K. 2013. Breakfast cereal: Are cereal sales going soggy? [Online] Available at: http://www.just-food.com/analysis/are-cereal-sales-in-developed-markets-going-soggy_id123417.aspx Bainbridge, J. 2010. Sector insight: Breakfast cereals | Marketing Magazine. [Online] Available at: http://www.marketingmagazine.co.uk/article/990662/sector-insight-breakfast-cereals Bainbridge, J. 2008. Sector Insight: Cereal bars | Marketing Magazine. [Online] Available at: http://www.marketingmagazine.co.uk/article/817580/sector-insight-cereal-bars Balchin, A. (1994) Part-time Workers in the Multiple Retail Sector: Small Change from Employment Protection Legislation? Employee Relations, Vol. 16 Iss: 7, pp.43 – 57 BBC News. 2014. UK unemployment rate drops to 7.1%. [Online] Available at: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-25841570 BERKELEY, C. 2013. Cereal companies leverage online marketing to target children with sugary products | Berkeley Media Studies Group. [Online] Available at: http://w ww.bmsg.org/newsroom/news-releases/cereal-companies-leverage-online-marketing-to-target-children-with-sugary-products Bodimeade, M. 2013. UK breakfast cereals market dominated by Kellogg’s and Weetabix. [Online] Available at: http://www.companiesandmarkets.com/News/Food-and-Drink/UK-breakfast-cereals-market-dominated-by-Kelloggs-and-Weetabix/NI6602 Bokomo.co.uk. n.d. About | Bokomo. [Online] Available at: http://bokomo.co.uk/about Business News Daily (November 22, 2013) PEST Analysis: Definition and Examples, Available at: http://www.businessnewsdaily.com/5512-pest-analysis-definition-examples-templates.html Euromonitor.com. 2013. Breakfast Cereals in the United Kingdom. [Online] Available at: http://www.euromonitor.com/breakfast-cereals-in-the-united-kingdom/report Igd.com. 2013. UK Grocery Retailing. [Online] Available at: http://www.igd.com/our-expertise/Retail/retail-outlook/3371/UK-Grocery-Retailing/ Internetretailing.net (March 18, 2014) UK retailers expected to make

Review for the World That Trade Created

In trade routes and otherwise greed led to violence. This was demonstrated through slavery, piracy, and control of ivory and opium. African slavery began from greed; Europeans needed labor to fuel their large trading productions and manufacturing of the traded goods. Mesoamerican slavery and destruction was caused by the Spanish conquistadors in their infamous quest for gold, god, and glory. Through greed the conquistadors decimated an entire civilization to obtain their gold. However the British and Dutch reaped many economic benefits of this perhaps even without knowledge of where their wealth had come from. Piracy, also fueled by greed, began as small bands, but eventually transformed into large companies of corporate raiders. The demanding trade of ivory and opium came from greed and addiction. They became key â€Å"luxury† items for wealthy Europeans, and it was the incentive for wars and violence. Pommeranz demonstrates throughout chapter five that greed led to violence. Gold, God, and Glory powered everything in the beginning. The Spanish enslaved the Aztecs when they conquered them to help them with sugar production rates, increasing their profit. The Spanish also attempted to convert the Aztecs to Catholisism, and if they rebelled, they were forced into slavery in the name of God. Lastly, they were immensley proud because they managed to conquer the Aztecs, claiming the land as their own while also beginning the use of slavery. Slavery was also pertinnent later in history when the Dutch, seeking revenge upon the Spanish while also being enticed by the wealth sugar trade brought, conquered a port in Brazil, controling the sugar trade. However, they did not have enough slaves to take advantage of the sugar, so although they opposed it at first, travelled to African ports and obtained slaves by exchanging luxury goods for human lives. Although the Portuguese regaiined control of the sugar production in Brazil, the Dutch still utilized the advantages of slavery in Africa and the exploitation of human lives that were not theirs to control. Lastly, Robinson Crusoe eventually learned to abandon his ideas of self sufficiency and rejection of luxury, and entered into the slave trade, enticed by the wealth it would bring him. Before corporations, there were family ties. Blood was the medium that bound together the many companies of the time. One example of such a family company was Samuel Rosenfelder’s fur trading house. As Rosenfelder added to his company, he also prepared his son Max to take over the company in the future. Eventually, Max would continue passing the company to his three sons. However, by the 1600s, there was an obvious advantage to using corporations to conduct business. Corporations were impersonal alliances that provided a logical and easy way to do business on a large—global—scale. The first corporations were anonymous with wide distributions of power and not really necessary until the railroad boom in the 1830s. However, these corporations gave birth to something useful at the time: corporate raiders. With the amount of sea trade that was happening, corporate raiders became the new pirates. Made of refugees, criminals, runaways, and mercenaries, corporate raiders are referred to as â€Å"multinational, multiethnic, democratic bands of sea rovers. † Although they had less dignity and were more violent than â€Å"traditional† pirates, corporate raiders were often favored in the eyes of the law, signifying government’s involvement in trade. After all, trade was a fruitful source of income. As the greed and available wealth grew, so did violence on the seas. The history of trade has taught us a lesson about greed, and the horrors it can lead to. Greed for products often leads towards violence. Two outstanding examples of this were the result of Great Britain’s greed for Chinese Tea, and King Leopold’s desire to begin an ivory market. Hooked on the imported Chinese Tea, British people had little to offer in return. Struggling to find compensation for their needed beverage, the British discovered the advantages of trading opium for tea. Easily seducing the Chinese with a cheep alternative for compensation, their greed for tea only grew. Becoming comfortable with their trading situation, the British were infuriated when the Chinese attempted to stop the Opium Trade. Finally resulting in battles between the British and Chinese, (know as the Opium Wars), the British were guaranteed their tea, and granted what they wanted, at the cost of violence. King Leopold II, the monarch of Belgium. Having a lack of colonies, King Leopold’s only hope for new territory would be in Africa. He began to show interest in Africa by becoming an advocate for illegal slave trade and other issues thus becoming popular among the African eople. Building roads, hospitals, and other infrastructure the African population began to acquire a strong trust for him. Starting his turn on Africa, King Leopold began to use African mercenaries in 1879 to control the Kongo. His reasons for this were to control much land in Africa and declare the seized land â€Å"his† property. Gaining wealth from the trading the abundant ivory, his greed for land and tusks only grew. Natives were eventually brutalized, ears and limbs were severed off of those that opposed him. After leaving piles of dead elephants for the natives to discard, his soldiers sailed down the congo river shooting the Lunda, or Mongo for sport. King Leopold’s greed for wealth from ivory trade brought horrible violence to the people of Africa, and caused a decrease in the elephant population. Both the trade of tea, and ivory caused greed for those who desired it, and when the threat of a stop to the trade presented itself, violence was the only answer, today we can see the same pattern carrying out as it did hundreds of years ago, as greed for oil grows.

How does Marc Webb's (500) Days of Summer qualify as a new narrative Essay

How does Marc Webb's (500) Days of Summer qualify as a new narrative - Essay Example Pop culture references of the film greatly contribute to the overall feel of the movie as a New Narrative. The first observable feature of the film is the sequence of events. It does not follow the linear narrative as what other movies do. Although the characters could resemble a next door neighbor, their beliefs are likewise, not typical. Mostly in other movies with the same genre as (500) Days, it is the female characters who are seen to be in the depressive mood every time there is a break-up. On the contrary, Summer, the female lead character possesses a more masculine outlook about love, believing that there is no such thing as â€Å"true love† and is not interested in finding a boyfriend. In one of the scenes where Tom, Summer, and another character were having a conversation, he referred to Summer as â€Å"She’s a dude† (Webb). Tom, on the other hand, is a hopeless romantic. There was even a scene where the ecstatic feeling of Tom was portrayed in a way th at it involves the whole setting of the film. A series of dance routines and an appearance of a cartooned bird were used to serve as exaggeration elements to connote Tom’s happiness. A distinct characteristic of New Narrative is its emphasis on sex and emotions.

Curriculum Map Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Curriculum Map - Assignment Example A long range map acts as a vertical and horizontal approach for operational curriculum in a school or district. All instructors benefit from long range since the curriculum map is a blueprint for aligning skills and content to be taught and evaluations. Curriculum mapping is a strategy to instruction and curriculum designed to involve learners in inquiry, improve transfer of learning, and offer a conceptual structure for assisting learners make sense of distinct skills, facts and disclose the big concepts of content. Map may assist teachers identify gaps in schools where repetition takes place and those where content might be incorporated among fields. Besides, maps assist teachers to decide on what needs to stay and those to be eliminated from teaching units to best tackle essential standards. They can help in differentiating and spacing instruction. The curriculum taught in school should rotate around lasting understanding which teachers wish every student have on mathematics as we ll as other subjects. This paper therefore, attempts to uncover the long range curriculum mapping by highlighting its components. In an effort to improve an appreciation for poetry, the curriculum design puts the learners into the position of reader, critic, analyzer, poet and listener. Through various project based coursework and standardized, the instructor is allowed to observe as the learner develops into an expert of poetry in independent fashion and fun. A scheme based education has shown repeatedly that learners who engage actively in hands with activities against standardized testing can understand the content, relate the education with real problems, instances and world events. Jacobs (2010) developed and explained the six components of learning in their experiment understanding by design. With knowledge based education, an opportunity of knowing all components is achieved. Rather than listening to the normal lecture and attempting to comprehend what s being taught, the lea rners is allowed to interpret, apply, explain, have self knowledge and empathize of part of what a curriculum established to improve learners understanding. The aim of this unit s to give learners with the understanding of different methods and types of writing poetry, the utilization and understanding of poetic devices and the capability to analyze both peer and personal written poems. Within two weeks of learning and application of poetic devices through professional analysis, personal practice and notes, learners will develop a poetry anthology of individual poetry based on every day requirements which follows the specific rubric; a book by Dr Seuss which focuses on rhyme scheme, rhymed verse and meter as well as two poet study projects. The single most crucial thing an instructor must perfom is to manage the learning condition of his or her learners. He further noted that twenty minutes is the certainly the maximum time which majority of people can remain in a positive learning condition without an alteration of stimulus. When learners are despondent in the classroom, effective teaching and efficient learning are impossible. Therefore, the course gives the learners more hands on as well as autonomous learning liberating up the instructor to act mainly as an observer and a facilitator Long Range Curriculum Mapping Teacher :( Insert the name) Grade: 8th School: (Insert the name) First Week Second Week Essential Questions How does writing assist me communicate?

Devices and Practices for Sensory Impairments Coursework

Devices and Practices for Sensory Impairments - Coursework Example There are a number of devices and associated teaching practices that may aid students with sensory impairments in the classroom. The devices include: It also gets referred to as closed-circuit television, CCTV. It uses a video camera to display enlarged images or wordings on a monitor or television screen. It gets used by people affected with partial visual impairment. It helps them overcome reading and writing difficulties caused by visual impairment. CCTV gets manufactured in different shapes and sizes to aid any low vision needs. The video magnifier gets used in the classroom by the teacher to assist the partially visually impaired students to be able to see slide displays on the white board in class. By magnifying the images and words in the slide shows, the students are able to see clearly, and follow what becomes taught in class hence realizing their full academic potential (Farrell,2005). This device gets used by visually impaired students with low vision to assist them in their class work. The students are adventitious visually impaired and can access their visual memory to develop conceptual understanding. The video magn ifier gets used by students with sensory impairments who have typical learning processes and learning modes: but whose ability to access information gets restricted in some avenues, or have a varying order of acquiring new skills. With this device, the student grasps more than 50 percent of what gets taught. As with a palm view display, their focus is on details, hence maximum absorption of the taught content. Use of effective teaching practices help in additional benefits as the students focus on the detailed description by the teacher as opposed to vague description by the teacher. Printing the reading materials in alternative formats prior to the classes also assists the student since through the use of the video magnifier, they are able to

International relations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 8

International relations - Essay Example Putting the land on market would eventually replace the conflict over land just like the way some African nations have dealt with this issue (Ross 51). The rent should not be paid to the Palestinian or Israeli governments, but the two countries should establish a union of the two governments (Selby 79). The means that I could you to persuade the two states of my plans are revealing to them the results that they would expect and how it would affect them positively. The Palestinian or Israeli land issue has been long going and, in some cases, has lead to actual battles (Dershowitz 23). Therefore, with the two government busy trying to find solutions, I will present to them an already tested theory, which will help them come up with an effective solution. The concept of land sharing was introduced long ago in the 50’s and has worked to this date for communities, which have implemented it; therefore, if Palestine and Israel tries this, then they might be successful in their endeav ors (Selby 79). The peaceful settlement of disputes is one of the most significant tasks of the UN. The UN Charter specifies that it is the duty of the organization to peacefully arbitrate international disputes or situations that may cause a breach of international peace (Abdulrahim 1). To this end, the UN Charter offers a structure for the peaceful settlement or tuning of global disputes or situations in which the wide skill of the UN, in this matter, is set and the matching goals of the United Nations members are imposed (Piotrowicz 15). This system is defined largely in Chapter VI of the UN Charter (Dixon 31). The chapter contains the UN mechanism for the peaceful settlement of any kind of dispute. Article 33 necessitates the groups to a dispute, the continuation of which is expected to jeopardize the preservation of international security and peace, to settle such a disagreement through any of the detailed peaceful means therein (Abdulrahim

Yellow wall paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Yellow wall paper - Essay Example He impulsively yelled at Mary asking her why she had to tear up the paint, and an argument picked up. Mary was surprised as to why removing paint picture from the wall could get the man so worked up and shaken to the extent of fainting. It did not take long before Jane came in the room, alarmed by the noise. She banged the door shouting while asking, â€Å"May I know what is going on here?† The two just gazed at her; no one gave her an answer. She then turned to Mary whose eyes were already filled up with tears and was reluctant to answer but turned around her head and pointed at the tattered papers of the drawing. Little did Jane; Mary’s sister in-law, started to resolve the situation than they heard Mary scream, â€Å"My baby†¦No...No†¦ No, it cannot be†, and blood was all overfilling the floor. Mary lost her infant, and she was so much in despair not knowing what to do. John, who was astounded, came back into senses and immediately rushed to his wives’ rescue. He hastily called a taxi, sobbing and looking so confused. They slowly took her outside the compound to meet the taxi, and after a short while, it was already there. John, being a doctor, he still could not do anything. He was baffled and could not believe that it was a miscarriage, and he still had hopes that his baby was alive. After the doctor had checked up the wife, the terrible news was delivered; Mary had lost the baby. The report was too much for John to take, and he had to sit down on a bench at the hospital, tears undulating down the cheeks. Jane was left with nothing else to do, but comfort he r brother. The narrator had to spend two nights in the hospital to receive further treatment, and her husband stood up with her, spending all day and night watching over for his beloved wife. It is at this moment that Mary realized that her husband truly loved her. At the same time, John thought of hoe he sometimes mistreated the

Rhetorical Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 15

Rhetorical Analysis - Essay Example If only these surplus resources, which go wasted in many cases, were shared, the world would be free from hunger and malnutrition. This situation only indicates that the affluent are unable to treasure their food while those who suffer from hunger and malnourishment truly realize its value. The irony in most cases is that those people who actually produce our food suffer and die from hunger and poverty. Food is procured from the farmers at a cheap rate and business men make huge profits from their sale leaving the farmers to suffer and die. The spirit of how people treasure food is all based to a large extent on the environment in which every individual is raised. The rising number of fast food restaurants may contribute to the growing economy but they have become one of the major causes for the increasing number of health problems around the world. When food is available in abundance it is less likely that people will treasure them and understand their importance. Food is recognized as the basis for life and is a vital source that connects people across the globe. Shiva’s article focuses on the premise that â€Å"The giver of food is the giver of life" (Shiva), on which the entire article is based. Shiva also points out that â€Å"Food is alive, it is not just pieces of carbohydrate, protein and nutrient†¦.† (Shiva). In India, food is considered to be scared and given to the people by the Creator. Food is something connects the people with their surrounding environment and all the organisms that ar e part of it. Shiva also explains about how the availability of abundant food to the affluent population is affecting their lives. This essentially forms the core of the entire article. The global economy and the various health problems which have cropped up in America and around the world have been largely influenced by food. On one side there are people who want to earn profits from producing

Female Sexuality in short stories by D. Updike and S. Minot Essay

Female Sexuality in short stories by D. Updike and S. Minot - Essay Example In David Updike's story "Summer", one of the main characters, Homer is attracted by the girl whose name is Sandra. Her sexuality is in her innocence. She is a naà ¯ve girl and her purity appeals for male’s interest. A girl from â€Å"Lust† has different sexual features. She is more experienced girl and it looks like she is searching for the essence of her sexual charm. Thus, both authors consider female sexuality from different perspectives. These girls are prototypes of the blessed woman and the strange woman, if to describe them in terms of religion. The literary techniques used by the authors are developed with regards to the specific sexual features they want to show. Thus, Sandra’s naà ¯ve nature is underlined by the color of her skin: â€Å"[when Sandra] first came in her face was faintly flushed, and there was a pinkish line around the snowy band where her bathing suit strap had been, but the back of her legs remained an endearing, pale white† (Updike). Thus, â€Å"pinkish skin†, â€Å"faintly flushed† face underline that the girl is naà ¯ve and innocent. Sandra’s manner to dress is another feature that characterizes her as an innocent little girl, as a virgin. She wears her nightgown and pulls it to her chin while reading at night. In other words, she is conservatively dressed up like a shy little girl. Moreover, the author prefers to use a descriptive manner of writing, metaphors, figurative expressions etc. In such a way he wants to show the abundance and uselessness of figurative lite rary means on the background of innocence and naà ¯vetà © of his main heroine. She is pure and innocent and there is no need to describe her by means of excessive usage of figurative literary means, it is much better to focus on her white skin and purity of her intentions. Minot’s heroine is a victim of her own sexual impulses. It looks as if this girl felt a necessity to be emotionally dependant on her partners. She explains it in a superficial manner: "I thought the worst thing anyone could call you was a cock-teaser. So, if you flirted, you had to be prepared to go through with it. Sleeping with someone was perfectly normal once you had done it (Minot)." Thus, having sex for her is, on the one hand, a normal behavior. But on the other hand, it should be noted that this girl was wandering along labyrinth of her sexual fantasies and could find no exit. From this perspective, this girl is still a â€Å"spiritual virgin†, while her sexual contacts concern her body, but not her soul. In this case, her abundance of sexual life is a self-protection strategy against a cruel world. It looks like this girl is fighting against her another Self. She is a victim of her inner turbulence: â€Å"Their blank look tells you that the girl they were fuck ing is not there anymore. You seem to have disappeared (Minot)." Thus, this girl cannot even identify herself as a personality. She guesses, if she is present or not and who she really is. The authors’ techniques of narration correspond with their main characters way of behavior. For example, Updike perfectly describes summer; he tries to make his readers

To Kill a Mockingbird - is a must see Essay Example for Free

To Kill a Mockingbird is a must see Essay To Kill a Mockingbird, is a story told through the eyes of a young girl named Scout Finch (played by Bailee Madison) who grows up in Alabama (Maycomb County) during the Great Depression when blacks and whites were very much segregated. The story revolves around the ideas of racism, poverty, ignorance and discrimination. Boo Radley(played by Guy Pearce) is the main source of Dill (played by Kenton Duty) Jem (played by Greg Sulkin) and Scout’s fascination because he is very withdrawn, which is very strange in Maycomb- where everybody knows everybody, because he is so reserved he is given a bad reputation of being mentally unstable. People discussed many rumors that are later proven to be completely false. Growing up in a town where everyone knows each other she and her brother, Jem Finch are hounded and taunted at school because their father, Atticus Finch (played by Leonardo DiCaprio) is an attorney who takes up a case in which an acquitted, Tom Robinson (played by Shemar Moore), a black man is accused of attacking a white girl. He’s up against the rooted racial power structure of the Old South, severe bans against interracial sex, as well as the pride of the girl’s disadvantaged and brutal family (The Ewell’s). Because their father is protecting a black man in a court of law, they are bullied at school and decide to watch the trial, realizing that their father isn’t the man they thought he was. Throughout the beginning of the story Jem and Scout see Atticus as a feeble man but during the trial they both get a newfound respect for their dad. Scout and Jem both recognize the strength in Atticus and the respect he commands of those around him. Little things like the mad dog and the way he handles himself in front of the mob at the jail make them realize how strong their father is regardless of physical age. Bob Ewell wanted to get revenge on Atticus for completely destroying his dignity during the hearing and to suffer during the post-trial period. Therefore, he wanted Atticus to experience the pain he felt. Hence, he attacked Scout and Jem, in the hopes of killing them. Boo Radley heard Jem scream and came outside immediately to help them. He grabbed a kitchen knife on the way out and stabbed Mr. Ewell up the ribs in attempt of saving Jem and Scout. To Kill a Mockingbird The scene I chose is the court scene because it symbolized life, or death to Tom Robinson. It also would affect the Finch’s because during that time people were narrow-minded and would see them as sympathizers to the blacks which was unheard of in a small southern town during the 1930’s.

The Development of Ballads Essay Example for Free

The Development of Ballads Essay Ballads have been in evidence since the seventh century and have been popular ever since. They travelled around the globe as people emigrated, picking up stories of historical significance on the way. Their main purpose is to entertain, being sung or recited, often accompanied by music. Their distinctive poetic form told appealing tales of heroism, hardship and adventure often in dramatic terms. They were also a means of spreading news, to a largely illiterate population in an easily understood narrative way. Ballads follow a distinctive recipe, elements of which can be seen in all ballads. They use quatrains, which are four line stanzas. An example of this can be seen in the ballad, The Rime of the Ancient Mariner: The fair breeze blew, the white foam flew, The furrow followd free We were the first that ever burst Into that silent sea In this verse you can see a regular A B C B rhyming scheme, which means that lines two and four rhyme with a bouncy rhythm. Ballads told simple stories to entertain audiences such as in The Twa Corbies where two ravens having a conversation. The ballads would build up to a climax where the main event of the story would happen. In the ballad Sir Patrick Spens we read lines like: Drinking the blood red wine And When the sky grew dark, the wind blew loud, And angry grew the sea This automatically suggests to the reader that there is a going to be a murder as it is setting the scene for one. It was vital that the balladeer maintained the interest of his audience by using dramatic yet simple imagery. He had to paint the scene in words to engage the imagination of the audience. The symbolic use of colour is used to create atmosphere. Red often symbolises blood or royalty, for example, the ballad Sir Patrick Spens reads: Drinking the blood red wine which creates tension and a thick atmosphere. White symbolises good so black obviously symbolises evil. In Johnie Armstrong it reads Goodly steeds were all milky white this tells us that all Johnie Armstrongs men rode white horses which helps to portray him and his men as the good guys. The audience would have recognised the inference of what the colours meant. Ballads told tales with simple themes, for example Johnie Armstrong tells a Robin Hood style story of an honest outlaw who is betrayed by a treacherous Scottish king. Other themes explored in ballads capture lives of adventure and hardship. Keeping things simple was important, as most of the listeners would have been peasants living in small communities often impoverished and with little way of escaping hard lives. Hearing tales of larger than life characters at least temporally diverted them from their own circumstances. Sometimes audience participation was encouraged for example in the Twa Corbies where the narrative breaks from third person to first person: The tane unto the tither did say, Whar sall we gang and dine the day? I imagine the scenario either where two or three balladeers working together took roles within a spoken or sung ballad or where one balladeer hopped between storyteller and actor. In either the audience may have been invited to supply lines making the ballads more of a lively improvised story. This would have been great fun moving the action from performer to the audience and back again. The characters depicted were bold but shallow leaving the audience with a two dimensional representation which told of what the characters did but not of how they felt. There was little attempt to flesh out any subtleties of characterisation. Action and events moved the story line not any depth in the characters. In the beginning of the border ballad Johnie Armstrong he is described as being a bold outlaw. We are told that he came from Westmerland, on the Scottish border. He came from poverty, had neither land or rent coming in and alot about what he possessed in terms of men, horses and weapon, but not much about him as a man. The ballad of Johnie Armstrong is a good example of a border ballad. A border ballad focused on the conflict between the Scottish and the English. The ballad is clearly written from an English viewpoint, describing Johnie as proud, brave and heroic. The words faire Westmerland are the first indication that this is written from an English perspective. The band own white horses (white symbolising good) and are described as being a goodly sight for to see. On the other hand, the Scottish king is portrayed as being deceitful and double crossing tricking Johnie and his men to their deaths. Another type of ballad is the broadside ballad. These were an early form of newspaper recording local events and news told in narrative form. What distinguished them was the fact that for the first time they were fixed in print and sold at fairs for a penny, becoming the earliest written ballads. Two examples of these are Mary Cummings and Charlotte Dymand, these poem were not really in the right period but in the right style. The ballad of Mary Cummings is the story of a crime of passion. It a sensational tale of love, abandonment, revenge and violent murder eventually finishing with the hanging of an unrepented jilted bride. It depicts a tragic heroine with the themes of love and death dramatically portrayed. The language is graphic: The mother slithered to the ground, The fathers eyes went white We are given the picture of the hopeful girl in her bridal gown on a spring morning that becomes the murderess cursing the groom and his parents. The line the pain in Marys Mind gives a clue that she is becoming deranged. The images are all of things fading: The sun that glittered down, the sun slid out of sight. The audience would have been able to grasp the cruel irony that the bridal gown is to become the shroud of death. Instead of a husband she is to meet the dark lover i. e. devil; she has renounced her religion. The whole ballad evokes a sense of the eagerness for marriage being replaced by an eagerness for death. As people travelled from place to place they took the basic ballad recipe with them as well as the ballads. Ballads can be found all over the word: Sir Patrick Spens is a traditional Scottish ballad; Young Hunting is an eighteenth centaury ballad, perhaps with earlier Danish parallels and Ballad of Sixty-Five is a traditional Jamaican ballad. This proves that ballads have travelled all over the globe, appealing to worldwide audiences for many centauries. The Ballad of Sixty-Five tells a story of historical significance to many Jamaicans; a group of slaves in Jamaica march to their governors house demanding there right and are eventually hanged to make a public spectacle. It had the opposite reaction making other slaves believe that they could stand up for themselves: Paul Boyle died but his spirit talked, Anywhere in Jamaica that freedom walks. The poem has examples of patois, which is native Jamaican dialect. You can wuk like a mule but de crop still bad It also has an A A B B rhyming scheme to it and a Calypso rhythum, which shows how the basic ballad recipe can be varied as it travelled. Ballads are an ancient form of communication; they have been around for centauries keeping almost the same recipe throughout. They told tales of historical importance as well as stories just to entertain. They have been popular ever since they begun and although they are not still in there original form we can see element derived from ballads in modern day song.

The Imagination In Frankenstein English Literature Essay

The Imagination In Frankenstein English Literature Essay The importance of imagination in the romanticism period was all about establishing who you were as a writer. The imagination in Frankenstein is that Dr. Frankenstein created an eight foot tall monster out of miscellaneous body parts, turning mans greatest fear of death and turning it into life, trying to make a perfect man and the advancement of the human kind. As the quote The labours of men of genius, however erroneously directed, scarcely ever fail in ultimately turning to the solid advantage of mankind. (Shelley 33-34) from Frankenstein is talking about the increasing role of science during the romanticism period. During the romanticism period the role of science and technology was increasing and very important to that time period because they were coming out of the neoclassical period which was all about the ending of the Renaissance time when it was all about art, self-awareness, religion, humanism, and art. The celebration of the individual is about inspiring the achievements of the misunderstood, heroic individual outcast. The celebration of the individual in Frankenstein is about the monster that Victor Frankenstein created. No one wanted to be friends or even be around the monster, so therefore the monster became angry, bitter and lonely. The quote, All men hate the wretched; how then, must I be hated, who am miserable beyond all living things! Yet you, my creator, detest and spurn me, thy creature, to whom thou art bound by ties only dissoluble by the annihilation of one of us. (Shelley 81), from the monster, he is telling his creator Victor Frankenstein how hated he is by everyone and how alone he is. After the monster talks to his creator about how miserable and lonely he is, he tries to reason with Victor Frankenstein by telling Victor that he would stop his killing streak of revenge and exchange peace for a companion of like origin. The monster said to his creator, If you will c omply with my conditions, I will leave them and you at peace; but if you refuse, I will glut the maw of death, until it be satiated with the blood of your remaining friends. (Shelley 81), after the monster said this to Victor had refused the monster of any deal that the monster wanted to make, and so therefore the monster did what he said he would do and started to go after all of Victors friends and family. The romantics, which were the authors, stressed the awe of nature in art and in language and the practice of nobility through a connection with nature. The awe of nature in Frankenstein is best explained by this quote, It was the secrets of heaven and earth that I desired to learn; and whether it was the outward substance of things or the inner spirit of nature and the mysterious soul of man that occupied me, still my inquiries were directed to the metaphysical, or in it highest sense, the physical secrets of the world. (Shelley 23), which is connecting nature through the language of that time period. The language of that time period is greatly influenced by the writers imagination, emotion, and experience. Mary Shelleys writing style was greatly influenced by her imagination and emotion more than anything else. Mary Shelleys writing style was also gothic in the sense that it when she was writing the novel Frankenstein she had put a supernatural event, which was Victor Frankenstein c reating the eight foot tall monster. The writing style of William Wordsworth is different than Mary Shelleys because his is more influenced by emotion and feelings, his poem It is a beauteous Evening (Wordsworth 281), calm and free has strong emotion of dying and death, it is an emotional piece because it is talking about the death of his daughter. The writing style of Samuel Taylor Coleridge is based on the emotion of pain and disease. In his poem Love the quote And that she nursed him in a cave; And how his madness went away, When on the yellow forest-leaves A dying man he lay;- (Coleridge 110-113) has the emotion of love and of death at the same time which is different than that of Mary Shelleys Frankenstein because the emotion of love is not used as much as the emotion of death or the gothic sense that she uses of a monster with inhuman strength. Jean-Jacques Rousseau was one of the most significant thinkers of the state of nature, like most writers during that time, they were writing the poem, short stories, novels, and essays about or relating closely to nature. Jean-Jacques writings were about nature, because he believed that humans were born naturally good, curious, and content with satisfying are basic needs; but it is or society that corrupts us to desire status, idleness, and luxuries. (Jeffrey D. Wilhelm 676) Mary Shelleys writings were about the emotion of sorrow, death, and having no to love you back. Mary Shelleys writings are different than Jean-Jacques, because Jeans writings are a little happier toned and incorporate more nature than supernatural beings, in I his writing the Confessions. I am resolved on an undertaking that has no model and will have no imitator. I want to show my fellow-men a man in all truth of nature; and this man is to be myself. (Rousseau 5) in the first two lines of the novel he is saying that I will not have a follower and I will illustrate the truth about nature for all men. As in Mary Shelleys writings are more gothic and emotionally filled with sorrow. In a fit of enthusiastic madness I created a rational creature and was bound towards him to assure, as far as was in my power, his happiness and well-being . . . I refused, and I did right in refusing, to create a companion for the first creature. He showed unparalleled malignity and selfishness in evil; he destroyed my friends . . . Miserable himself that he may render no other wretched, he ought to die. The task of his destruction was mine, but I have failed. (Shelley 193) is a great quote to explain the interest in the common man and childhood. The quote shows the natural goodness in Victor from Frankenstein, by refusing to create a companion for the creature that has killed all his friends and family. Victor did the right thing by not giving the monster what he wanted; but instead letting the monster kill the ones closet to him while he was trying to kill the monster. The novel Frankenstein is both a romantic and gothic horror novel; because the novel also is supernatural but it is also connected to nature. The Byronic hero is monster; because the monster is arrogant, emotionally conflicted, has a troubled past, self-destructive, and treated as an outcast. The monster is the Byronic hero because he is an idealized yet imperfect character; he had his flaws because he was considered an outcast among everyone else, because he was hideous and no one would show him love or happiness, so he became bitter and angry at everyone that was happy and loved. The monster killed every one of his creators friends and family, then went and killed himself because his creator had died.

Art Analysis: Safely Contained :: Papers

Art Analysis: Safely Contained Image: Scarface Artist: Miles Donovan This image is one of a series of four other paintings, all of iconic people. The image I am analyzing is of Robert De Nero as Scarface, an example of another of the images is Stevie Wonder. The image I am studying of Scarface is a computer generated image which was produced in Photoshop, the photo from a real shot in the film. The theme that is carried through the images is that they are all placed on a red background. I think this helps to make the images more striking, which works extremely well. With most paintings, such a heavy coloured background would make the foreground image appear o recede; but the artist in this piece has reversed this, making the red compliment the subject. We could maybe say this image is a stem of the 'pop art' movement; although it contains the blocked and flat colour elements, it still remains to be painted in a lifelike colour and composition, and so does not possess the vibrant colours usually related with 'pop art.' The size of the image is unknown but I should imagine it would be on a fairly large scale for it to have an impact, I think at such a size, the red background would be very imposing and would set forward, Robert De Nero the subject of the image. [IMAGE] The form of the image is very simple, subject and background, both of which are easily distinguishable. The image of scarface has been created upon an existing image of which contained a background, this is not transferred to the artists' graphic interpretation. This is done with all the images in the series, the background being replaced with a shade of red. We see that the subject either appears to be standing or sitting, resting both of his arms on something that is not contained within the shot, it almost appears that he is leaning on the frame. This cropping of the subject works very well to avoid as

Sex, Masculine Pride, and War in Henry V Essay -- Henry IV Henry V Ess

Sex, Masculine Pride, and War in Henry V      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Henry V, though reputed to be a crude, early item from Shakespeare's canon, provides many interesting and mature discussions on morality and psychology. Far from being, as it were, pre-written by being an "historical" work, it is a testament to the bard's skill that he can work so many ideas into a frame that has to take account of popular facts.    Interpretation of the play tends to revolve around issues of kingship, duplicity in Harry's self-presentation, or the consequences of war, but there is a glaring line of discussion present which has generally been missed: the relationship of war to sex and masculine pride. One critic writes, "War is a version of male lust. Hal never grows up but works out ways to aggrandize himself by owning more and more property. Geography as ego. And... he's a rapist too" (Landis 201). There are at least three significant relationships of pride, lust, and war which are brought out in the play and will be pointed to in the following. One is war as a response to insult and perceived or suggested (sexual) inadequacy. One is war as the occasion of massive rapine. The other is war itself as a sort of metaphorical rape. These themes will be brought to light most clearly by attention to the most traditionally ignored passages of Henry V.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Critics have often dismissed the comic scenes of the play as crowd-pleasing devices or filler, "only casually related to the main action" (Becker 74). The filler theory can be dismissed outright given the length the play already enjoys. The scenes involving Pistol, Nym, and Bardolph, or Fluellen and Gower actually fit the play perfectly. As far as the play's themes go, these... ... of many of this play's lines.    Works Cited Becker, George J. Shakespeare's Histories. New York: Frederick Ungar Publishing Co., 1977. Brennan, Anthony. Henry V. New York: Twayne Publishers, 1992. Landis, Hoan Hutton. "Another Penelope." Women's Re-Visions of Shakespeare. Ed. Marianne Novy. Chicago: Univeristy of Illinois Press, 1990. 196-211. Shakespeare, William. Henry V. Ed. F. Marshall and Stanley Wood. London: George Gill & Sons, (year unknown; between 1892 and 1936). Shakespeare, William. The Complete Works of William Shakespeare. Ed. John Dover Wilson. London: Cambridge University Press, 1985. Wilcox, Lance. "Katherine of France as Victim and Bride." Shakespeare Studies 27 (1985): 61-76.    1[1] i.e. the lily, the symbol of France, featured on its coat of arms. 2[2] "Flower of the bed," i.e. the maiden Katherine.

Damage to the Hypothalamus Essay -- Neurology Brain Disorders Papers

â€Å"The hypothalamus is a small area near the base of the brain just ventral to the thalamus† (Kalat 90). It makes up about 1/300 total brain weight in humans, and it is about the size of an almond (www.factmonster.com). Since the hypothalamus is attached to the pituitary gland, which is considered the â€Å"master gland,† the hypothalamus is the structure which actually has master control over promoting or inhibiting hormone release, affecting many glands (Kalat 327). The main function of the hypothalamus is to regulate homeostasis, but its wide range of control affects the generation of behaviors involved in eating, drinking, temperature regulation, sexual behavior, copulation, maternal behavior, general arousal, activity level, the sleep- wake cycle, and emotional regulation of rage, aggression, embarrassment, escape from danger in â€Å"fight or flight† responses, and pleasure (www.geocities.com). When the hypothalamus is damaged, specific behavior changes occur dependent on the lesion location on the hypothalamus. The affects of such behavior changes can affect a person’s life to such a degree that a social worker is needed for emotional, informational, familial, economic, and environmental support (www.iaswresearch.org). The hypothalamus controls the pituitary, which consists of two major glands: anterior pituitary and the posterior pituitary (which can be considered an extension of the hypothalamus). The hypothalamus synthesizes the hormones oxytocin and vasopressin, which are transported to their terminals in the posterior pituitary, and then released in the blood (Kalat 327). Oxytocin controls uterine contractions, milk release, certain aspects of parental behavior, and... ...al Cancer Institute: Social work’s contribution to research on cancer prevention, detection, diagnosis, treatment and surviviorship. Washington, D.C. www.iaswresearch.org. Kalat, J.W. (2004). Biological Psychology. Canada: Wadsworth, Thomson Learning Inc. Taking Time: Support For People With Cancer and the People Who Care About Them (2001). U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. National Institutes of Health: National Cancer Institute. Taylor, S.E., Falke, R.L., Shoptaw, S.J., Steven, J., & Lichtman, R.R. (1986). Social support, support groups, and the cancer patient. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 54(5), 608-615. www.factmonster.com/ce6/sci/A0824782.html www.geocities.com/hhugs2001/roleofhyp.htm www.heumann.org/body.of.knowledge/k1/hypothalamus.html www.naswdc.org/research/news/120903.asp www.webmd.com

Economics Internal Assessment

Alison Nathanson Chapter 17 Internal Assessment http://www. nytimes. com/2010/04/05/business/media/05screen. html? scp=10&sq=movies&st=Search Branding Comes Early in Filmmaking Process By STEPHANIE CLIFFORD 717 words Monopolistic Competition is a market structure in which many firms sell products that are similar but not identical. It is a mixture between monopoly, which is a firm that is the sole seller of a product without close substitutes, and perfect competition, which is a market with many buyers and sellers trading identical products so that each buyer and seller is a price taker.The movie industry is monopolistically competitive as there are many firms competing for the same group of customers, there is product differentiation, and free entry and exit. Anyone can make a movie, yet it is the differentiations of each that allow for moviegoers to decide which ones they want to see, and therefore which ones will gross the most money. In the long run, monopolistically competitive firms have zero profit equilibrium. [pic]If one movie is making a lot of money, more movies are put into theatres to try and even out competition, or if one company is producing a lot of movies, writers sell to other companies (new firms enter) and the demand curve shifts to the left. If no one is watching the movies, firms loose money and the demand curve shifts to the right. Due to these shifts, zero profit equilibrium occurs, as shown above, where price equals average total cost. In movies today, and always, companies have made deals with movies in rder to be included in a film. This is all part of marketing, as for example; companies think that if Brad Pitt is eating a Twix in a movie, the movie watchers are more likely to buy a Twix after the movie than to buy Snickers. The author stated that â€Å"Now, having Campbell’s Soup or Chrysler associated with your project can be nearly as important to your pitch as signing Tom Cruise. † Having these name brands with you r movie also comes with a lot of added benefits.The writer and director of the film â€Å"Up in the Air† got the hotel mogul Hilton to sponsor his film for exchange of putting Hilton hotels in the movie. Thus, the movie got the added benefits from Hilton, such as the crew getting free lodging. In order to maximize profit, marginal revenue must equal marginal cost. If you look above, you can see that at this point on the graph (MR=MC) price exceeds marginal cost. This is because price equals average total cost, and the downward sloping demand curve makes it so that at the profit-maximizing quantity of MR=MC, price (atc) is greater than marginal cost.For example, the marginal cost to the company of lodging for the crew is taken care of through Hilton, yet there are other expenses that the company must purchase as well so that the average total cost is equal to the price and zero profit equilibrium occurs. â€Å"The cost of movies is going up, and that really drives almost ever ything,† said Jack Epps. In monopolistic competition, the long run always has zero profit equilibrium. So, if one firm kept the price of movies low, then their price would be below average total cost and they would have losses.In order to have a profit, price must be above average total cost, yet in monopolistically competitive firms price equals average total cost so this is not possible in the long run. Unlike monopolies, monopolistically competitive firms do not have the ability to price discriminate, which is the business practice of selling the same good at different prices to different customers. They must charge the same price per movie to everyone. Therefore, they all need to produce where MR=MC in order to profit maximize, which actually creates zero profit equilibrium.The author stated that â€Å"If you want to catch an executive’s attention right now, it’s not just selling the script, but you’re showing them how to create a brand. † Movie producers want to have a name for them, so that they will have an advantage over the many other firms out there. Due to the large number of sellers, and free entry and exit, firms that are monopolistically competitive will do anything it takes to differentiate themselves to their competition†¦ let’s just hope the differentiation produces some good film!

Describe What Montessori Meant by New Education Essay

Dr Maria Montessori dedicated and committed her life into education of the children. She has witnessed through some years with wars and conflicts and she thought; through education this can be turned into peace to this world. Since the year 1907 Montessori name has been recognized in the education system. Even though it has been over a century to this date Montessori principles are as powerful as it was. Dr Maria Montessori has relied on her actual observations on children to develop her method of education. During these observations she has discovered that each child has their own urge to learn through their own way. She brought to light that children has an enormous ability which can be turned into positive energy and a new beginning. According to Dr Montessori; education should be aimed at human progress not only to gain knowledge. â€Å"It is the spirit of the child that can determine the course human progress and lead it perhaps even to a higher form of civilization. † (The Essential Montessori, Chapter 6, p. 64). Dr Maria Montessori believed in a natural process of education. There was a teacher oriented system in place and she did not believe this was focused on the child fully. She felt if we focused on child and observe them this would help us to understand the child. â€Å"Studying these children and their mutual relationships in an atmosphere of freedom, the true secrets of society come to be revealed. † (The Essential Montessori, Chapter 6, p. 64). Education should be in a natural way, children has every right to freedom to learn. Montessori thought we can give importance to every child with new education. She felt that the civilization had the wrong idea about children and this needed to be changed firstly. She believed that adults did not understand the children, this has led the education system to fail. According to Montessori; â€Å" the fundamental problem in education is not an educational problem at all : it is a social one. It consists in the establishment of a new and better relationship between the two great sections of society- children and adults. † (Maria Montessori Her Life And Work, Chapter XV p. 231) Montessori felt that the real problem consists in cementing a new relationship between children and adults and she realized something very wrong with the relationship. Montessori felt that in the past there was many revolution with regards to slaves, workers, women, peasants, child-labourers and so on. Limited to certain place and time. Where as the problem she saw between the adult and the child was universal and did not matter about race, religion etc. â€Å"Grace must build on nature†. (Maria Montessori Her Life And Work, Chapter 15 p. 233) Montessori felt that children needed to have child size classroom equipment. She has compared if adults were to be living in gigantic sized environment filled with gigantic sized equipments how uncomfortable it would be compare it to adult scale. The child should be left to gain his/hers self esteem. This would benefit him/her to have a confidence in himself and not to depend/rely on others in the future. Every child has got a natural power to develop himself. â€Å"Children decide on their actions under the prompting of natural laws†¦ Inner forces affect his choice, and if someone usurps the function of this guide, the child is prevented from developing either his will or his concentration.. a negative action is the interruption of work at fixed times in the daily program†. (The Essential Montessori, Chapter 6, p. 64). Montessori drew attention to how adult and children learn very differently. She has relied on her observations when she explained the differences. What he is able to do, he must do by himself. One of her biggest concern was that adults need to change the way they think about the needs of the child. Adult has reached the development and no longer will be developing where as child’s interactions with his surrounding is helping his development. The children could teach themselves and they can learn from their environment. Children work with a slower rhythm compare to adults. They can spend a very long time for example changing their shoes into slippers when they arrive at the nursery in the morning. While child is taking his shoes off parents/carers cannot help but taking over the action in order to get it finished and done with. They often lose their patience and complain that their child is taking such a long time! Or they cannot help but saying ‘Let me do that for you’. What adults expect is an adult speed from the children. Montessori says, â€Å" He is following a timetable like the most diligent scholar in the world- following it with the unshakable constancy of the stars in their courses. (Maria Montessori: Her Life and Work, Chapter 8, p. 125). It is important that in order to help little children, adults firstly needs to learn to respect the rhythm of children. She stressed that children will repeat the same thing over and over. For example a child in the nursery picking the same book each time he is asked to choose a book for teacher to read to children. Another example of a child in the nursery who is choosing the very same practical life transferring water with a turkey baster activity each morning at the arrival of the nursery and going back to it though out the day. Montessori says â€Å" Now by the very boredom you have experienced in thus repeating and repeating this same exercise, you will be able to measure that imperious inner urge that drives the children to do the same thing. † (Maria Montessori: Her Life and Work, Chapter 8, p. 129). Montessori believed that there are different periods in the course of the child’s development, corresponding to the different phases in the development of human body. These periods are from birth to six year of age. Differences does not change the learning type of mind. She observed that the impressions a child takes from his environment, not only to penetrate the mind, but they come to life since the child makes his own mental flesh in using the things that in his environment. She called this type of mind â€Å" The Absorbent Mind†. Montessori through her system of ‘new education’ aimed at using this real constructive energy to create a new world for humanity.

China Restaurant ; Foodservice Review

Enterprise Improvement Corporate Turnaround and Restructuring Financial Advisory Services Information Management Services AlixPartners 2010 China Restaurant & Foodservice Review May 2010  © AlixPartners, LLP, 2010 www. alixpartners. com Contents A. Executive Summary B. Industry Environment C. Financial Performance – Profiles of Selected Restaurants D. 2010 China Consumer Survey Results E. Opportunities for Restaurant Chains F. Conclusions 2 2010 Restaurant & Foodservice Review Executive Summary (1) Market Trends Industry Structure The Chinese restaurant industry has grown by about 11% in 2009 to about 2 trillion RMB. Growth was down from 16% in 2008. ?However, despite annual growth rates of 13% since 2003, the Chinese restaurant industry by 2009 has reached only about half the size of the US restaurant industry, as dining out expenditure per capita in China is less than 10% the expenditure of US people. ? Chinese consumers remain substantially more conservative in terms of d ining out than US consumers: while in the US, people nearly spend half their food expenditure in restaurants, Chinese people only spend 22% in restaurants. The number of restaurants in China is vastly higher than in the US (5. 1 vs. 0. 9 million restaurants) and the industry is significantly more fragmented. Whereas the Top 100 restaurant chains in the US have a 45% overall market share, China’s Top 100 only has a 6% market share in 2009 (down from 9% in 2003). ?Western restaurants remain at a very low level in China, and have a market share of only about 1% in 2009. Apart from KFC, McDonald’s and Pizza Hut, no major US restaurant chain has achieved a major presence in China. Although the leading Chinese restaurant chains have minor market shares as the industry is highly competitive, profitability levels of leading chains were around 10-12% in terms of EBIT margins in 2009 and in line with average US fast-food chains in 2009. ? Given the solid profitability levels and strong future growth potential for Chinese restaurant chains, it is a highly attractive industry for M&A deals and we are likely to see further private equity investments as well as takeovers by leading chains. 3 2010 Restaurant & Foodservice Review Executive Summary (2)Per capita expenditure on dining out will continue to increase at double digit growth rate in 2010. Consumers anticipate spending about 10% more in restaurants than they did in 2009. This is in stark contrast to US where people expect to spend 4% less in 2010. ? To remain competitive, operators must serve high quality food and market themselves more on an individual basis to consumers. Similar to in U. S. , food quality is the most important factor when Chinese consumers determine overall value. Other top factors are price and service ?Chain restaurants are increasingly popular in China. 50% of consumers prefer chains over independent restaurants, while another 35% are indifferent. This indicates a major growth pote ntial for chains, which currently only have a 7% overall market share in China. ? Western restaurants have enormous growth potential. On average, Chinese consumers plan to eat 40% of their meals in Western style restaurants in 2010. This is a substantial contrast to the 1% market share of Western owned restaurants in 2009. Consumer Survey Results Opportunities Consumers preferring Western restaurants cite cleaner environment, better atmosphere and better service as key differences to Chinese style locations. ? Western restaurant chains have substantial opportunities in the Chinese market, but will have to develop tailored concepts to the market.Developing a brand position and good quality reputation will be critical for Western chains in the highly fragmented and competitive market. Especially in the casual dining sector, which has multiple major players in the US, there are major opportunities for new entrants into the Chinese market. Established leading Chinese restaurant chains w ill likely continue to expand and achieve strong margins, as scale results in significant advantages in purchasing, operational effectiveness and marketing. However, it will be critical to implement professional systems to support growth. 4 Contents A. Executive Summary B. Industry Environment C. Financial Performance – Profiles of Selected Restaurants D. 2010 China Consumer Survey Results E. Opportunities for Restaurant Chains F. Conclusions 5China’s Foodservice Industry Has Been Expanding At 13% CAGR in 2003-2009, But Remains At Nearly Half The US Market Size China foodservice industry revenue 2003-2009E [bn RMB] 0. 17 0. 16 0. 14 YOY 0. 13 growth 0. 12 0. 11 0. 1 0. 09 0. 08 0. 15 16% 14% 13% 11% 14% 11% 3,860 956 1,090 1,232 1,365 1,556 1,800 2,000 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 E US 2009 By contrast, US Restaurant Industry has shrunk for the last 2 years in revenue Source: China Statistics Bureau, AlixPartners analysis 6China’s Per Capita Dining Out Inc reased To About 980 RMB Per Year In 2009, Which Is Less Than 10% Of US Per Capita Dining Out China per capita dining out expenditure [RMB per capita per year] 0. 24 0. 22 22% YOY 0. 18 0. 16 growth 0. 14 0. 12 0. 1 0. 08 0. 2 14% 14% 10% 15% 12% 10,100 438 533 607 691 761 878 980 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 E US 2009 Per Capital Dining Out Is Driven By Growing Disposable Income Per Capita (Per Capita Dining Out Has Been Around 6% Of Disposable Income 2004-2009) Source: China Statistics Bureau, AlixPartners analysis 7Chinese People Eat Out Only About 1/3 As Frequent As US People In 2009, As Dining Out Represents 21% Of Total Food Expenditure Average Number Of Times Dining Out 2009 Dining Out As % Of Total Food Expenditure, China vs. USA 204 48% 184 130 22% 72 18% China HK Taiwan USA China 2003 China 2009 E USA 2009 Source: China Statistics Bureau, AlixPartners analysis 8 The Chinese Restaurant Industry Remains Highly Fragmented, With More Than 5. 1 Mio. Outlets And Average Rev enues Of 0. 4 Mio. RMB No. Of Restaurants [Mio. Outlets] Average Revenue Per Outlet [‘000 RMB] 4,091 5. 1 3. 0. 9 308 377 China 2003 China 2009 E USA 2009 China 2003 China 2009 E USA 2009 Source: Euromonitor, China Statistics Bureau, AlixPartners analysis 9 The Top 100 Chinese Restaurants Have A Market Share Of Only 6% in 2009, Compared To 45% In The USA China restaurant revenue, Top 100 vs. Others [% of Industry Total] Top100 9% 6% 45% †¢ Western style restaurants only account for 1% of the Chinese restaurant industry in 2009 †¢ Fast food restaurants account for about 23% of the market in China, compared to about 29% in USA Others 91% 94% 55% China 2003 China 2009 USA 2009Source: China Statistics Bureau, National Restaurant Association 2010 Industry Forecast, AlixPartners analysis 10 Quick Service And Hotpot Restaurants Account For 2/3 Of The Top 100 Restaurants’ Revenues In China Number of companies Revenue % Revenue per company [bn RMB] Comments †¢ Fas t food segment is expanding in China rapidly due to services & quality standardization and relatively low price level †¢ Key players include YUM brands, McDonald’s, Dicos, etc. †¢ Hot Pot restaurants are popular in China, esp. in central and north regions †¢ Key players include Little Sheep, Xiao Wei Yang, Dezhuang, etc.Quick Service Restaurants (QSR) 20 31% 1. 8 HotPot 23 34% 1. 7 Full-Service Casual Dining 17 11% 0. 8 †¢ Casual dining is pointing to a growth trend among young professionals who are seeking places for social activities †¢ Specialty / fine dinning mainly include famous Chinese brands and large restaurant groups, and western fine restaurants Specialty / Fine Dining 40 24% 0. 7 †¢ Western fine restaurants are growing fast but focused on coastal cities Source: China Statistics Bureau, AlixPartners analysis 11 Chain Restaurants Still Account For Small Share In Chinese Market, But HaveBeen Consistently Gaining Market Share China restau rant revenue, Top 100 vs. Others [% of Industry Total] Chained 8% Chain restaurants Independents †¢ Chain restaurants have grown at a faster rate than independent restaurants, driven by advantages in – Advertising / brand building – Cost and quality control – Operational efficiency Independents 92% 19% 15% 12% 20% 16% 22% 18% 23% †¢ In Hong Kong, chained restaurants account for 28% of total market size by revenue †¢ Going forward, chain restaurants are likely to rapidly win market share 2001-06 CAGR 06 vs. 07 Growth 08 vs. 07 Growth 09 vs. 08 GrowthSource: Euromonitor, China Statistics Bureau, AlixPartners analysis 12 Contents A. Executive Summary B. Industry Environment C. Financial Performance – Profiles of Selected Restaurants D. 2010 China Consumer Survey Results E. Opportunities for Restaurant Chains F. Conclusions 13 Three Western Restaurant Brands Are Currently Among The Top 10 (KFC, McDonalds and Pizza Hut) No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Brand KFC McDonald’s Dicos Little Sheep Xiao Wei Yang Pizza Hut UBC Cafe Xiaotiane Company Yum! Brands Inc. McDonald's Corp Ting Hsin International Group Little Sheep Group Limited Inner Mongolia Xiao Wei Yang Yum!Brands Inc. UBC Coffee food Co Ltd Chongqing Xiaotiane Catering Type QSR QSR QSR Hot Pot QSR Casual Dining QSR QSR Market share 1. 2% 0. 5% 0. 3% 0. 2% 0. 2% 0. 2% 0. 2% 0. 1% # of Stores ;gt;2,000 ;gt;1,000 ;gt;1,000 ;gt; 400 ca. 600 ca. 300 ca. 500 ca. 300 9 10 Xiao Tu Dou Malan Lamian Shenyang Xiao Tu Dou Malan Lamian Fast Food QSR QSR 0. 1% 0. 1% ca. 300 ca. 300 Source: Euromonitor, China Statistics Bureau, AlixPartners analysis 14 Major Chinese Restaurant Chains On Average Outperform US Restaurants In EBIT Margins, And Are In Line With US QSR EBIT margin comparison 2009 E Chinese Chains 5. 2% 11. 6% 9. 6% 7. 3% 11. 9% 17. 0% 11. 2% 10. 1% 6. 2% Fairwood Quan Ju De Little Sheep Cafe De Coral Beijing Xian Ge Qing Ajisen US Average Asia F;B USA QSR Peers Source: IQ Cap ital, Annual reports, AlixPartners analysis 15 Leading Chinese Restaurant Chains Remain Small Players Compared To US Peers, But With Significantly Different Growth Perspectives Leading Chinese Chains Company Dafe de Coral Ajisen Little Sheep Fairwood China Quanjude Beijing Xiangeqing HK Catering Management Leading US Chains Growth 2009 9. 1% 18. 7% 23. 5% 2. 2% 8. 3% 20. 6% -7. 2% Revenue 2009 [Mio. RMB] ,674 1,986 1,570 1,466 1,204 738 328 Company McDonald’s Yum! Starbucks Darden Brinker OSI Jack in the Box Burger King Wendy’s Arby’s Cracker Barrel Revenue 2009 [Mio. RMB] 162,112 76,287 70,989 48,407 27,926 Growth 2009 -3. 3% -4. 1% -5. 9% 8. 9% -14. 5% NA -2. 7% 3. 4% -2. 2% -0. 7% 27,816 17,363 17,277 16,691 Xinjiang Bai Hua Cun 64 62. 8% 16,254 †¢ Major US chains with limited growth potential in mature home market †¢ Chinese restaurants with major growth potential (both organic growth and through takeovers) Source: Euromonitor, China Statistics Bur eau, AlixPartners analysis 16Solid EBIT Margin and Growth Potential Are Main Reasons For M;A Activity and PE Investments – Increase In Investments Expected Chained Restaurant # of restaurants in 2009 422 Investment size [m US$] N/A Key M;A and PE investments †¢ Yum Brands bought 20% equity in 2009 †¢ The combined YUM! ; Little Sheep will be the largest and most diversified restaurant company in China, providing both Western and Chinese style restaurants with brands including KFC, Pizza Hut, East Dawning and Little Sheep †¢ Nov. 2005, a group of investors including IDGVC invested $ 14 million †¢ GGV and first round investors invested $10. million in 2007 †¢ In 2008, Oaktree and existing investors, invested $23 million †¢ In 2007, Capital Today and Liandong invested $43 million 70 14 11 23 300+ 43 98 40+ 50 43 †¢ Nov. 2008, Actis invested USD 50 million †¢ Dec. 2008, CDH invested $43 million With solid EBIT margins and strong growth oppor tunities, private equity investments and takeovers by leading restaurant chains are likely to increase Source: Published data, AlixPartners analysis 17 For Example, Little Sheep Restaurant Chain – A Success Story Company Overview Little Sheep is the leading full-service restaurant chain operator in China. It’s ranked #4 in all restaurant companies in China and #1 in local companies †¢ The company focuses on operating hot pot chain restaurants as well as developing, processing and selling food product including lamb and hot pot soup †¢ Little Sheep’s revenue rose from RMB 513 millions in 2005 to 1,272 millions in 2008, growing at 35% CAGR †¢ It has 422 restaurants in total by mid 2009: 146 companyowned and 276 franchised restaurants RMB Millions Revenue CAGR †¢ 05-08: 35% †¢ 08-14E: 31%Revenue Growth ; Breakout Success Factor †¢ Standardization facilitates expansion into China: The standard products in hot pot restaurant cuisine requ ire minimal kitchen preparation and enable easier quality control †¢ Its focus on quality creates a strong brand. In particular, it is known for high-quality lamb †¢ Focuses on consumer segment of 20-40 year olds and invests heavily in advertising and its royalty program †¢ Shifted from sole franchising model to a mixed franchising ; owned model in 2002, facilitating geographic expansion Franchised vs. Owned Business Model Company-owned model helps Little Sheep enhance its operational efficiency by better executing its branding and marketing strategy, optimizing menus and facilitating the launching of new products†¢ Franchised restaurants model obviates the need for the company to raise capital and run the day-to-day business, thus very effective or the company to penetrate lower-tier cities Source: Annual report, Yuanta Research report, AlixPartners analysis 18 Contents A. Executive Summary B. Industry Environment C. Financial Performance – Profiles of Se lected Restaurants D. 010 China Consumer Survey Results E. Opportunities for Restaurant Chains F. Conclusions 19 AlixPartners 2010 China Consumer Survey: Overview Date: March 2010 Population: 1,030 adults, 13 major cities in China, age 18+ (average age 25) Demographics: Respondent group was representative of the Chinese population across key demographics and income ranges Survey Focus: Key areas of focus included: ? Planned frequency of dining occasions ? Expected spending on meals outside the home ? Preferred type of restaurants ? Key criteria for consumer preference in restaurant selectionUS Survey: In March 2010, AlixPartners also conduced a similar study in the USA, also covering a survey population of 1,000 adults  © AlixPartners, LLP, 2009 20 In China, Average Spent Per Meal Is Expected To Increase By 10% In 2010 – By Contrast US Diners Expect to Pay 4% Less Expected average spending per meal [RMB] CHINA USA -4% 82. 6 +10% 79. 2 48. 8 53. 7 Last 12 Months Next 12 Mont hs Last 12 Months Next 12 Months 21 Over The Next 12 Months, Nearly 46% Expect To Spend More Money in Restaurants in China, While Consumers in USA Remain Cautious Planned consumer spending, 2010 CHINA USA 51% 46% 41% 5% 39% 34% 13% 16% 15% Spend less Spend same Q1-2010 Spend more Spend less Spend same Q1-2009 Spend more Q1-2010 22 Fine Dining and Fast Casual Will Benefit Most From Dining Frequency Increase In China – Fast Food and Fast Casual Most Impacted in USA Dining frequency per month and restaurant type CHINA +9% USA S 2009: 13. 7 S 2010: 15. 1 6. 4 -20% S 2009: 13. 8 S 2010: 11. 8 5. 1 6. 2 5. 7 +13% 4. 4 3. 9 +7% -17% 2. 9 3. 1 +17% 2. 9 2. 4 2. 9 2. 8 1. 6 1. 5 1. 2 1. 4 Fast Food Fast Casual LTM Freq/Month Casual Fine Dining Fast Food Fast Casual LTM Freq/Month Casual Fine Dining 2010 Expected 2010 Expected 23Biggest Drivers to Increasing Frequency At Favorite Locations Are: (1) Better Quality, (2) Closer Location, and (3) Improved Service Better food quality Closer location Improved service Better atmosphere Healthier menu options 26% 37% 36% 35% 25% 22% 17% 15% 15% 13% 12% 10% 8% 7% 5% 4% 3% More or better promotions, discounts, or†¦ Better value Family friendly environment Expanded menu variety Bigger portion sizes Shorten time to get in and out Offer take out service Other, specify Expanded dessert and/or beverage options Make information available on the internet Accommodate special dietary needs Smaller portion sizesWhat would cause you to eat out more often at the restaurant(s) you visit most frequently? 24 In Determining Overall VALUE, Chinese Consumers Are Far Less Focused On Price ; Promotions Than American Diners Food quality Overall service Low prices Healthy menu options Good promotions, discounts, or coupons Updated environment ; decor Big portion sizes Value meals Amenities and atmosphere Range of dessert and/or beverage options 9% 6% 5% 9% 28% 27% 31% 24% 22% 19% 23% 44% 47% 42% 60% 59% 75% 6% China U. S. 16% 34% As a cons umer, what factors are most important to you in defining OVERALL VALUE for your dollar? 5 In China, Word-of-mouth Is The Strongest Form Of Advertising For Restaurants Word of mouth Street walk-by Internet Flier, coupon, booklet, etc. Self experience TV Magazine Newspaper 17% 16% 5% 28% 25% 37% 36% 71% 34% emails 26 50% of Survey Respondents in China Prefer Chain Restaurants 50% 35% 15% Yes No No difference Do you prefer a chain store over independent restaurants? 27 Majority of China’s Consumers Prefer Chinese Style Dining, But Western Style is Very Popular Among Survey Respondents Total Sample – Fast Food Next 12 months,Western style Next 12 months,Chinese styleTotal Sample – Fast Casual Next 12 months,Western style Next 12 months,Chinese style 40% 60% 61% 39% Total Sample – Casual Next 12 months,Western style Next 12 months,Chinese style Total Sample – Fine Dining Next 12 months,Western style Next 12 months,Chinese style 15% 34% 66% 85% Approxima tely 40% of Consumers in China Plan to Eat at Western Style Restaurants; Penetration of Western Chains Most Prominent in Fast Food 28 Those Preferring Western Restaurants Cite the Cleaner Environment and Better Atmosphere Key Differences to Chinese Style Locations Clean or better environment 52%Better atmosphere (music, decor, etc. ) 46% Better services 40% Try something different 31% Better taste of food 29% Cultural attraction 26% Healthier menu options 19% Dessert and/or beverage options 16% What do you like about Western restaurants compared with Chinese restaurants? 29 Contents A. Executive Summary B. Industry Environment C. Financial Performance – Profiles of Selected Restaurants D. 2010 China Consumer Survey Results E. Opportunities for Restaurant Chains F. Conclusions 30 Operational Improvement Levers For Major Restaurant Chains Winning strategies in operations improvement Centralized purchasing to implement professional process Purchasing †¢ Negotiations sweeps coupled with strategic sourcing†¢ Logistics optimization and commodity risk analysis †¢ Centralized operations and facilities management, and IT Operational Effectiveness †¢ Lean Kitchen/Operations including emphasis on food waste % †¢ R;D Process Improvement †¢ Develop clear brand position and tailored advertising strategies Marketing †¢ Implement effective LTOs with input from supply chain partners †¢ Encourage first time visits and push customer loyalty †¢ Partnering effectively with ocal owners who know the market Expansion †¢ Implement rigorous store selection process, with clear criteria †¢ Increase no. of stores to build brand awareness Restaurant chains have substantial scale advantages in operations! 31 Opportunities For Western Restaurant Chains in China, Which So Far Have Been Hesitating To Invest on a Large Scale Leading US casual dining chains and their current China presence US Chain Brand Applebee’s Outback Stea khouse # of stores Globally 2,000 900 880 780 # of stores in China 0 100 0 30 RemarksOpened a restaurant in Shanghai in 2007, but has since left the country Operates two restaurants in Beijing and around five in HK; market leader in Korea Opened in Philippines in 2007, but has not expanded into other Asian countries Entered China in 1995 and has four restaurants in Beijing, but only one each in Shanghai, Tianjin and HK Highly successful chain, but no operations outside North America (same for sister company Red Lobster, both part of Darden’s) One restaurant in Shanghai and two in HK Ruby Tuesday TGI Friday Olive Garden 700 Tony Roma’s 0 0 260 3